Lubricant and additive formulation

ABSTRACT

An engine lubricant formulated as a complete crankcase motor oil or additive concentrate composed of a combination of chemical constituents including a base oil selected from a synthetic oil, a mineral oil or semi-synthetic base oil (hydrogenated oil) or combination thereof, an oil soluble molybdenum additive, a dispersant inhibitor containing zinc dithiophosphate, and viscosity index improvers and one or more seal swelling agents to lubricate the engine and recondition the seals of new and/or high mileage engines. Addition of a polyalphaolefin and/or one or more esters such as a diester or polyolester may also be utilized therein. The lubricant may be formulated as a complete engine oil crankcase lubricant, or concentrated into an additive for addition to conventional mineral oil based engine oil, synthetic engine oils, or blends thereof in an effective amount of up to 30 percent volume percent, typically from 20 to 25 percent by volume.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/208,715 filed onJul. 29, 2002 claiming priority from U.S. application Ser. No.09/520,738 filed on Mar. 7, 2000 now abandoned claiming priority fromU.S. Pat. 6,034,038 granted Mar. 7, 2000 from U.S. application Ser. No.08/836,083 filed on Aug. 27, 1997 as a national application ofPCT/US96/14186 claiming priority from U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,369 granted onJun. 9, 1998 from application Ser. No. 08/334,513 filed on Nov. 4,1994and U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,731 from U.S. application Ser. No. 08/455,353filed on May 31, 1995 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,962,377 granted Oct. 5, 1999from U.S. application Ser. No. 08/881,415 filed on Jun. 24, 1997 all ofwhich are incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the general field of an improved motor oillubricant. The lubricant may be formulated as a 100% complete engine oilcrankcase lubricant, or concentrated into an additive for addition toconventional mineral oil based engine oil, synthetic engine oils, orblends thereof in an effective amount of up to 30 percent volumepercent, typical from 20 to 25 percent by volume. The invention isformulated to include selected seal swelling agents to recondition andmaintain seals in new engines and/or more particularly high mileageengines.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises effectiveamounts of a combination of chemical constituents including an oilsoluble molybdenum additive, base oil (synthetic, mineral, and/or GroupIII semi-synthetics), a dispersant inhibitor containing zincdithiophosphate, and viscosity index improvers. Seal swelling agents maybe selected from aryl esters, alkly esters, vegetable based esters,sulfolanes, sulfolane derivitives, phenates, phthalate plasticizers likephthalate plasticizers, more particularly dioctyl phthalate, dinonlyphthalate or dihexylpthalate, or other plasticizers. Addition ofselected synthetics such as polyalphaolefin and/or esters such as adiester or polyolester, and/or a antiwear/extreme pressure agent such asa metal containing borate compound such as a borate ester, may be usedto formulate one or more embodiments of the additive in combination witha conventional crankcase lubricant containing mineral oil, syntheticoil, semi-synthetic, or combinations thereof up to 50 volume percent andmore preferably from about 10 to 40 volume percent, more preferably fromabout 15 to 30 percent and most preferably from about 20 to about a 25%volume/percent after dilution with motor oil, wherein typically 1 quartis blended with 4 or 5 quarts of motor oil. The various constituents arepreblended and/or sold as a complete motor oil formulation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Lubrication involves the process of friction reduction, accomplished bymaintaining a film of a lubricant between surfaces which are moving withrespect to each other. The lubricant prevents contact of the movingsurfaces, thus greatly lowering the coefficient of friction. In additionto this function, the lubricant also can be called upon to perform heatremoval, containment of contaminants, and other important functions.Additives have been developed to establish or enhance various propertiesof lubricants. Various additives which are used include viscosityimprovers, detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, extreme pressureadditives, and corrosion inhibitors.

Anti-wear agents, many of which function by a process of interactionswith the surfaces, provide a chemical film which prevents metal-to-metalcontact under high load conditions. Wear inhibitors which are usefulunder extremely high load conditions are frequently called “extremepressure agents”. Certain of these materials, however, must be usedjudiciously in certain applications due to their property ofaccelerating corrosion of metal parts, such as bearings. The instantinvention utilizes several chemical constituents to provide an additiveformula which enhance the performance of conventional engine oil andinhibits the undesirable side effects which may be attributable to useof one of more of the chemical constituents when used at particularconcentrations.

Several references teach the use of individual chemical components toenhance the performance of conventional engine oil. For instance, U.S.Pat. No. 4,879,045 by Eggerichs adds lithium soap to a synthetic baseoil comprising diester oil and polyalphaolefins which can comprise analiphatic diester of a carboxylic acid such as di-2-ethylhexylazelate,di-isodecyladipate, or ditridecyladipate, as set forth in theEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 34th addition, volume 14, pp477-526, which describes lubricant additives includingdetergent-dispersant, viscosity index (VI) improvers, foam inhibitors,and the like.

Futhermore Cusumano et al teaches in U.S. Pat. No. 5,696,064 thefunctionaliztion of polymers based on KOCK chemistry and derivativeswhich may be used in the oil industry. Outten et al. in U.S. Pat. No.4,116,877 teaches elastomers for compatible seal swell additives forautomotive transmission fluids; Arai et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,356,547teaches lubricating oil compositions containing friction modifiers andcorrosion inhibitors; and Koch in U.S. Pat. No. 4,029,587 teacheslubricants and functional fluids containing substituted sulfolanes asseal swelling agents. However, none of the references alone or togetherteach the instant engine oil composition especially developed forconditioning seals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comprises various formulations of an enginecrankcase oil formula including selected seal swelling agents torecondition the rubber and elastomer components within the engine andincludes a formula for an additive concentrates for addition to engineoil having a mineral oil base, a synthetic oil base, or blends thereoffor improving the lubricating properties of the engine oil, enhance theperformance of the engine, and reduce consumption of the oil.

One preferred embodiment of the engine crankcase lubricant and additivecomprises a blend of chemical constituents including an oil solublemolybdenum additive, a dispersant inhibitor containing zincdithiophosphate, and a viscosity index improvers in a synthetic, mineraloil, semi-synthetic hydrogenated base stock or combinations and blendsthereof. An ester such as a diester, and/or a polyolester may beutilized therewith. A metal containing borate compound such as a borateester or other compound may be added optionally as a corrosion inhibitorfor yellow metals. Alternate corrosion inhibitors may be selected fromdimercapto, thiediapoles, or benztriazoles. The seal swelling compoundis added to provide a formulation for use with older engines to aid inreconditioning and maintaining the seals. The constituents may becombined to give particular performance properties for formulatingvarious embodiments of the lubricant additive concentrate for use withconventional crankcase engine oil or the formulation of a completeengine oil incorporating the additive concentrate package. The additiveis used in an effective amount in combination with a conventionalcrankcase lubricant containing mineral oil, synthetic oil orcombinations thereof up to about 30 percent by volume, more preferablyfrom about 15 to 30 percent by volume, and most preferably from about 20to about a 25% volume/percent.

Another preferred embodiment of the engine treatment oil additivecomprises a blend of chemical constituents including an oil solublemolybdenum additive, a synthetic, mineral, or Group III semi-syntheticbase oil. Moreover, a dispersant inhibitor containing zincdithiophosphate, a seal swelling agent, and viscosity index improversare blended together and added thereto. An extreme pressure antiwearagent such as a borate compound may also be utilized in the presentcomposition.

The individual components can be separately blended into the base fluidor can be blended therein in various subcombinations. Moreover, thecomponents can be blended in the form of separate solutions in adiluent. Blending the components used in the form of an oil additiveconcentrate simplifies the blending operations, reduces the likelihoodof blending errors, and takes advantage of the compatibility andsolubility characteristics afforded by the overall concentrate. Ofcourse, the preblended complete motor oil is convenient to use and isoften preferable for adding to an engine one quart or less at a timesuch as for routine maintenance of older cars having engine wear andrequiring additional motor oil lubricant between oil changes. Thecomplete motor oil does not require the consumer to determine the amountof additive required for optional performance when blending with aconventional motor oil in small quantifies between oil changes.

The combination of chemical constituents of the present invention arenot disclosed by any known prior art references. The incorporation ofmolybdenum compounds, extreme antiwear compounds such as boric acidagents provide improved performance to motor oil and greases. Moreover,the incorporation of semi-synthetic oils defined by the AmericanPetroleum Institute (API) as severely hydro cracked oils) provide anmeans to reduce the cost of lubricating oils while maintaining many ofthe desirable characteristics of synthetic oil.

These lubricating compositions are effective in a variety ofapplications including crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited andcompression-ignited internal combustion engines, two-cycle engines,aviation piston engines, marine and low-load diesel engines, and thelike. The invention will find use in a wide variety of lubricants,including motor oils, greases, sucker-rod lubricants, cutting fluids,and even spray-tube lubricants. The invention has the multipleadvantages of saving energy, reducing engine or other hardwaremaintenance and wear, and therefore, provides an economical solution tomany lubricating problems commonly encountered in industry or consumermarkets. It is also contemplated that the formulation may be applicableto automatic transmission fluids, transaxle lubricants, gear lubricants,hydraulic fluids, and other lubricating oil compositions which canbenefit from the incorporation of the compositions of the instantinvention.

More particularly, one preferred concentrate for addition toconventional motor oil for improving the lubricating properties of themotor oil and enhancing the performance of the engine comprises thefollowing chemical constituents: an oil soluble molybdenum additive, a(“synthetic base”) such as polyalphaolefin (PAO), a syntheticpolyolester, and/or a synthetic diester, a Dispersant Inhibitor (DI)package containing zinc dithiophosphate (ZDP) and which may also containa detergent and/or corrosion inhibitor, such as CHEMALOY D-036; aMineral Oil Base Stock; and a Viscosity Index Improver, such as forexample, (SHELLVIS 90-SBR); and an extreme anti-wear agent (borateester). The addition of a seal swelling agent such as a substitutedsulfolane provides conditions the seal for additional protection andincreased performance characteristics.

Finally, a preferred composition of the instant invention providesimproved lubricating properties and comprises a lubricant concentratefor dilution with conventional, synthetic blend, and/or fully syntheticmotor oil comprising in combination: an effective amount of an oilsoluble molybdenum additive; an effective amount of a base oil selectedfrom the group consisting of a synthetic base oil, a mineral oil, aseverely hydro cracked oil, alone and in combination one with another;and an effective amount of less than 1000 ppm of an elemental boron.Moreover, a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oilof lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the concentrateaforementioned concentrate additive provides a complete motor oil withimproved lubricating properties.

The incorporation of severly cracked hydrogenated oils provide an meansto reduce the cost of synthetic oils while maintaining many of thedesirable characteristics. Finally, addition of seal swelling compoundsin the precise proportions provides a means to lubricant, soften, andrevitalize seals for reducing oil consumption and pollution generatedthereby.

These lubricating compositions are effective in a variety ofapplications including crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited andcompression-ignited internal combustion engines, two-cycle engines,aviation piston engines, marine and low-load diesel engines.

More particularly, a preferred concentrate for addition to conventionalmotor oil for improving the lubricating properties of the motor oil andenhancing the performance of the engine comprises the following chemicalconstituents: an oil soluble molybdenum additive, a mineral oil orsemi-synthetic base oil having a selected viscosity, a DispersantInhibitor (DI) package containing zinc dithiophosphate (ZDP) and whichmay also contain a detergent and/or corrosion inhibitor, a viscosityindex improver, and corrosion inhibitor. The addition of a seal swellingcompound provides additional protection and increased performancecharacteristics.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A better understanding of the present invention will be had uponreference to the following description in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings in which like numerals refer to like partsthroughout the several views and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a graph showing reduced oil consumption using the motor oilcomposition of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing reduced engine deposits using the motor oilcomposition of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of oil on aged seal hardness;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of oil thickening;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effects of minimum starting temperature ofan formulated in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 6 is a bar chart of ASTM D4172 four-ball wear results versus lubecompositions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Each of the preferred ingredients of the engine treatment oil additiveformulation, whether mandatory or optional, is discussed below:

Oil Base Stocks

The complete motor oil formula and/or the concentrated additive containspreferably up to 95 percent by volume, more preferably from about 10 toabout 95 percent by volume, more preferably from about 25 to about 90percent by volume, more preferably from about 40 to about 85% by volume,and most preferably from about 55 to 75 percent by volume of a basestock composed of a mineral oil base stock, a severely hydrocracked oilbase stock, and/or a synthetic base alone or blended together, and/orthe following base stocks defined as Group I (solvent refined mineraloils), Group II (hydro cracked mineral oils), Group III (severely hydrocracked oil); Group IV (polyolefins), and Group V (esters, andnapthenes). Typically the base oils from Groups III, IV and V togetherwith additives are deemed synthetic oils. As used in the instantapplication, oils from Group III are deemed severly hydro cracked(semi-synthetic) base oils.

Synthetic Base Stock

Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils and halo-substitutedhydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g.,polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers,chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), etc., andmixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes,tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes, etc.);polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.),alkylated diphenyl, ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and thederivatives, analogs and homologs thereof and the like.

Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof wherethe terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification,etherification, etc. constitute another class of known synthetic oils.These are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization ofethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of thesepolyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methylpolyisopropylene glycol eitherhaving an average molecular weight of 1000, diphenyl either ofpolyethylene glycol have a molecular weight of 500-1000, diethyl etherof polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000-1500, etc.) ormono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acidesters, mixed C₃-C-₈ fatty acid esters, esters, or the C₁₃0×0 aciddiester of tetraethylene glycol.

Another suitable class of synthetic oils comprises the esters ofdicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinicacids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, subericacid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, alkenyl malonic acids,etc.) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol,dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol diethylene glycolmonoether, propylene glycol, etc.). Specific examples of these estersinclude dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-hexyl fumarate,dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azealate, dioctylphthalate, didecyl phthalate, dicicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyldiester of linoleic acid dimer, the complex ester formed by reacting onemole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and twomoles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and the like.

Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C₅ to C₁₂monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentylglycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol,tripentaerythritol, etc. Other synthetic oils include liquid esters ofphosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctylphosphate, diethyl ester of decylphosphonic acid, etc.), polymerictetrahydrofurans and the like.

The concentrate additive and/or complete motor oil contains preferablyup to 95 percent by volume, more preferably from about 10 to about 95percent by volume, more preferably from about 25 to about 90 percent byvolume, more preferably from about 40 to about 85% by volume, and mostpreferably from about 55 to 75 percent by volume of a synthetic, GroupIII severely hydro cracked (semi-synthetic), and/or mineral oil basestock used alone or blended together as a base stock. One preferredsynthetic base stock comprises at least a significant portion of apolyalphaolefin.

Polyalphaolefin (PAO)

Although not essential, the preferred synthetic base stock comprises atleast a significant portion of a polyalphaolefin. Polyalphaolefin,(“PAO”), is a synthetic fluid effective at high temperatures, such asoccurs during operation of internal combustion engines. It is also veryeffective at low temperatures. It is especially effective in thepresence of diesters. Polyalphaolefin provides superior oxidation andhydrolytic stability and high film strength. Polyalphaolefin also has ahigh molecular weight, higher flash point, higher fire point, lowervolatility, higher viscosity index, and lower pour point than mineraloil. U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,352 hereby incorporated by reference providesadditional polyalphaolefin derivatives.

Preferred polyalphaolefins, (“PAO”), include those sold by EXXON-MOBILUSA as SHF fluids and those sold by Ethyl Corporation under the nameETHYLFLO, or (“ALBERMARLE”). PAO's include the ETHYL-FLOW series byEthyl Corporation, “Albermarle Corporation”, including ETHYL-FLOW 162,164, 166, 168, and 174, having varying viscosities from about 2 to about460 centistoke. Also useful are blends of about 56% of the 460centistoke product and about 44% of the 45 centistoke product as setforth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,348,668 hereby incorporated by reference.

MOBIL SHF-42 from EXXON-MOBIL USA, EMERY 3004 and 3006, Equilon, andQuantum Chemical Company provide additional polyalphaolefins basestocks. For instance, EMERY 3004 polyalphaolefin has a viscosity of 3.86centistokes (cSt) at 212 F. (100 C.) and 16.75 cSt at +104 F. (40 C.).It has a viscosity index of 125 and a pour point of −98 F and it alsohas a flash point of +432 F. and a firepoint of +478 F. Moreover, EMERY3006 polyalphaolefin has a viscosity of 5.88 cSt at +212 F. and 31.22cSt at +104 F. It has a viscosity index of 135 and a pour point of −87F. It also has a flash point of +464 F. and a fire point of +514 F.

Additional satisfactory polyalphaolefins are those sold by Uniroyal Inc.under the brand SYNTON PAO-40, which is a 40 centistoke polyalphaolefin.Also useful are the ORONITE brand polyalphaolefins manufactured byCHEVRON-TEXACO Chemical Company.

It is contemplated that GULF SYNFLUID 4 cSt PAO, commercially availablefrom Gulf Oil Chemicals Company, a subsidiary of CHEVRON-TEXACOCorporation, which is similar in many respects to EMERY 3004 may also beutilized herein. MOBIL SHF-41 PAO, commercially available fromEXXON-MOBIL Chemical Corporation, is also similar in many respects toEMERY 3004.

Preferably the polyalphaolefins will have a viscosity of up to 100centistoke and more typically in the range of about 2-10 centistoke at100° C. with viscosities of 4 and 6 centistoke being particularlypreferred.

Moreover, a preferred embodiment may incorporate up to 95 percent byvolume, more preferably from 10 to 90 percent by volume, and morepreferably from about 40 to 85 percent by volume of polyalphaolefinshaving a viscosity of about 4 cSt at 100° C. such as is available fromEthyl Corporation under the trademark name of DURASYN 164.

A preferred concentrate embodiment may incorporate up to 85 percent byvolume, more preferably from 5 to 85 percent by volume, more preferablyfrom about 10 to 60 percent by volume, and most preferably from 10 to 30percent by volume of polyalphaolefins having a viscosity of about 6 cStat 100° C. such as is available from Ethyl Corporation under thetrademark name of DURASYN 166.

Moreover, an even more preferred embodiment of the present inventionfurther providing even more enhanced performance characteristicsutilizes synthetics which include a specific portion comprising esters,polyesters, or combinations thereof. One preferred embodiment utilizespolyolefins as the synthetic base stock together with at least a portioncomprising esters and/or polyesters.

Esters

The most preferred synthetic based oil ester additives are polyolestersand diesters such as di-aliphatic diesters of alkyl carboxylic acidssuch as di-2-ethylhexylazelate, di-isodecyladipate, anddi-tridecyladipate, commercially available under the brand name EMERY2960 by Emery Chemicals, described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,352 toWaynick. Other suitable polyolesters are manufactured by EXXON-MOBILOil. Exxon-Mobil polyolester P-43, NP343 containing two alcohols, M-045,and Hatco Corp. 2939 are particularly preferred.

Diesters and other synthetic oils have been used as replacements ofmineral oil in fluid lubricants. Diesters have outstanding extreme lowtemperature flow properties and good residence to oxidative breakdown.

The diester oil may include an aliphatic diester of a dicarboxylic acid,or the diester oil can comprise a dialkyl aliphatic diester of an alkyldicarboxylic acid, such as di-2-ethyl hexyl azelate, di-isodecylazelate, di-tridecyl azelate, di-isodecyl adipate, di-tridecyl adipate.For instance, Di-2-ethyl hexyl azelate is commercially available underthe brand name of EMERY 2958 by Emery Chemicals.

Also useful are polyol esters such as EMERY 2935, 2936, and 2939 fromEmery Group of Henkel Corporation and HATCO2352,2962,2925,2938,2939,2970,3178, and 4322 polyol esters from HatcoCorporation, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,344,579 to Ohtani et al. andMOBIL ester P 24 from EXXON-MOBIL USA. EXXON-MOBIL esters such as madeby reacting dicarboxylic acids, glycols, and either monobasic acids ormonohydric alcohols like EMERY 2936 synthetic-lubricant base stocks fromQuantum Chemical Corporation and MOBIL P 24 from EXXON-MOBIL USA can beused. Polyol esters have good oxidation and hydrolytic stability. Thepolyol ester for use herein preferably has a pour point of about −100°C. or lower to −40° C. and a viscosity of about 2-460 centistoke at 100°C.

Although not essential, a preferred additive concentrate and/or motoroil comprises at least a portion of a ester. The concentrate additiveand/or complete motor oil contains preferably up to 25 percent byvolume, more preferably from about 5 to about 20 percent by volume, morepreferably from about 5 to about 15 percent by volume, of a polyester ordiester such as obtained from EMERY under the trademark 2960.

Severely Hydro Cracked Oils

A hydrogenated oil is a mineral oil subjected to hydrogenation orhydrocracking under special conditions to remove undesirable chemicalcompositions and impurities resulting in a base oil having synthetic oilcomponents and properties. Typically the hydrogenated oil is defined bythe American Petroleum Institute (API) as a Group III petroleum basedstock with a sulfur level less than 0.03 with saturates greater than orequal to 90 and a viscosity index of greater than or equal to 120 mayoptionally be utilized in amounts up to 95 percent by volume, morepreferably from 5.0 to 50 percent by volume and more preferably from 20to 40 percent by volume when used alone or in combination with asynthetic or mineral oil.

The hydrogenated oil may be used as the sole base oil component of theinstant invention providing superior performance to conventional motoroils with no other synthetic oil base or mineral oil base or used as ablend with mineral oil and/or synthetic oil. An example of such an oilis YUBASE-4. Other suppliers include CHEVRON-TEXACO Company. A completemotor oil or an additive concentrate embodiment may incorporate up to 95percent by volume, more preferably from 5 to 85 percent by volume of thesemi-synthetic as the oil base stock. When used in combination withanother conventional synthetic oil such as those containing polyolefinsor esters, or when used in combination with a mineral oil, thehydrogenated oil may be present in an amount of up to 95 percent byvolume, more preferably from about 10 to 80 percent by volume, morepreferably from 20 to 60 percent by volume and most preferably from 10to 30 percent by volume of the base oil composition.

More particularly, the hydrogenated oil is a base oil for a lubricatingoil consisting of a mineral oil and/or a synthetic oil, having aviscosity index of at least 120, and having a viscosity of from 2 to3,000 CST at 100 degrees C. Hydrogenated oils can be obtained bysubjecting raw materials for lubricating oils to hydrogenationtreatment, using a hydrogenation catalyst such as cobalt or molybdenumwith a silica-alumina carrier, and lubricating oil factions which can beobtained by the isomerization of waxes. The hydro cracked orwax-isomerized oils contain 90 percent by weight or greater of saturatesand 300 ppm or less of sulfur.

Mineral Oil Base Stock

Although not essential, a mineral oil base stock may be incorporated inthe present invention as a portion of the concentrate or a base stock towhich the concentrate may be added to produce a motor oil. Particularlypreferred as mineral oil base stocks are the ASHLAND 325 Neutral definedas a solvent refined neutral having a SABOLT UNIVERSAL of 325 SUS @100°F. and ASHLAND 100 Neutral defined as a solvent refined neutral having aSABOLT UNIVERSAL of 100 SUS @100° F., manufactured by MARATHON ASHLANDPETROLEUM and by others.

Other acceptable petroleum-base fluid compositions include whitemineral, paraffinic and MVI naphthenic oils having the viscosity rangeof about 20-400 Centistoke. Preferred white mineral oils include thoseavailable from WITCO Corporation, ARCO BP Chemical Company, PSI andPENRECO. Preferred paraffinic oils include API Group I and Group II oilsavailable from EXXON MOBIL USA, Group II oils available from MOTIVAENTERPRISES, LLC., and Group II oils available from CHEVRON EXXON Corp.Preferred MVI naphthenic oils include solvent extracted oils availablefrom EQUILON ENTERPRISES and SAN JOAQUIN REFINING, hydro treated oilsavailable form EQUILON ENTERPRISES, and naphthenic oils sold under thenames HYDROCAL and CALSOL by CALUMET, and naphthenic oils such as aredescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,348,668 to Oldiges.

Mineral oil base stock can comprise the entire base oil typically up to95% by volume, more preferably 5-85 percent by volume, more preferably50-80 percent by volume and most preferably 70-80 percent by volume inthe complete motor oil, but is not narrowly critical. More particularly,the mineral oil base stock can be used up to about 95 percent in theconcentrate and up to 50 percent and preferably up to about 35 percentby volume of the motor engine oil upon dilution. Typically one unit ofthe concentrate is diluted with about 4 or 5 units of the motor oilwhich may be a fully synthetic, mineral oil, or blend.

Dispersant Inhibitor (DI)

Though not narrowly critical, the Dispersant Inhibitor (“DI”), isexemplified by those which contain alkyl zinc dithiophosphates,succinimides, esters, or Mannich dispersant, calcium, magnesium, sodiumsulfonates, phenates, phenolic and amine antioxidants, plus variousfriction modifiers such as sulfurized fatty acids. Dispersant inhibitorsare readily available from Lubrizol, Ethyl, Oronite, a division ofCHEVRON-TEXACO Chemical, and INFINEUM.

Generally acceptable are those commercial detergent inhibitor packagesused in formulated engine oils meeting the API SH CD or higherperformance specifications. Particularly preferred are dispersants suchas LUBRIZOL 8955 having chemical and physical properties such as thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,490,945 of the Lubrizol Corporation whichis hereby incorporated by reference, ETHYL HITEC 1111 and 1131, andsimilar formulations available from INFINEUM, or Oronite, a division ofCHEVRON-TEXACO Chemical.

An effective amount of an additive package which incorporates adispersion inhibitor such as the one listed heretofore may also beutilized and include a conventional detergent and/or a corrosioninhibitor. Such an additive package may be utilized with or insubstitution of a selected dispersion inhibitor or combinations thereofwith each other and/or other dispersion inhibitors commerciallyavailable in an effective amount of up to 35 percent by volume, morepreferably from about 0.5 to 25 percent by volume and more preferablyfrom about 1 to 15 percent by volume of the complete motor oil formulaand up to 6× that amount in the concentrate. The DI concentration isgenerally up to 15% by volume of the total formulation of the completeengine oil and more particularly from 5.0 to 15% by volume.Concentrations produced for dilution will generally be in these ranges.

Zinc dithiophosphate is a multi-function additive in that it functionsas a corrosion inhibitor, antiwear agent, and antioxidants added toorganic materials to retard oxidation.

Other metal dithiophosphates such as zinc isopropyl, methylamyldithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl isooctyl dithiophosphate, bariumdi(nonyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(cyclohexyl) dithiophosphate, copperdi(isobutyl) dithio-phosphate, calcium di(hexyl) dithiophosphate, zincisobutyl isoamyl dithiophosphate, and zinc isopropyl secondary-butyldithiophosphate may be applicable. These metal salts of phosphorus acidesters are typically prepared by reacting the metal base with thephosphorus acid ester such as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,485hereby incorporated by reference. Moreover, a preferred dispersioninhibitor is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,490,945 hereby incorporated byreference which describes a compound containing at least one carboxylicderivative composition produced by reacting at least one substitutedsuccinic acylating agent containing at least about 50 carbon atoms inthe substituent with at least one amine compound containing at least oneHN<group.

Pour Point Depressant

A pour point depressant in an effective amount of up to 10.0 volumepercent of the complete engine oil formula and more preferably about0.01 to 5.0 percent by weight and most preferably from about 0.1 to 1.0percent by weight is not essential but can be utilized an embodiment ofthe formulation. Of course, a sufficient amount of the viscosityimprover may also be incorporated in the base oils or motor oil to betreated. Also the pour point depressant is typically not concentrated 4×or 5× in the additive package. An example of a suitable pour pointdepressant is polymethacyrlate, alkylated bicyclic aromatics, styreneesters, polyfumerates, oligomerized alky phenols, dialkyl esters ofphthalate acid, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, and other mixedhydrocarbon polymers from LUBRIZOL, the ETHYL Corporation, or ROHMAX, aDivision of Degussa. A commercially available pour point depressant issold under the brand name of ACRYLOID 3008 which is a polymethyrlateformula.

Seal Swelling Constituents

Seal swelling agents may be selected from aryl esters, alkly esters,vegetable based esters, sulfolanes, sulfolane derivitives, phenates,phthalate plasticizers like phthalate plasticizers, more particularlydioctyl phthalate, dinonly phthalate or dihexylpthalate, or otherplasticizers. A seal swelling constituent such as a substitutedsulfolane from LUBRIZOL, Inc., ETHYL Corp., for example LZ730 can beused in an effective amount up to 1.0 volume percent, and morepreferably from about 0.03 to 1.0 percent by weight of the completemotor oil formula and up to 5× that amount in the concentrate. Otherseal swelling compositions including 3-alkoxysulfolane or the like, inwhich the alkoxy group contains at least about 4 and preferably about4-25 carbon atoms, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,029,587 and4,116,877 hereby incorporated by reference.

The sulfolane compounds and particularly the substituted sulfolanes, area preferred seal swelling component in the compositions of the instantinvention.

More particularly, seal swelling constiuents suitable in the presentinvention include 3-isodecoxysulfolane, and other substituted sulfolanesincluding those having: 1) A hydrocarbon-based radical having at leastabout 4 carbon atoms such as aliphatic, (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl),alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl), aromatic, aliphatic- andalicyclic-substituted aromatic, aromatic-substituted aliphatic andalicyclic radicals, and the like. Examples include butyl, pentyl, hexyl,octyl, decyl, dodecyl, eicosyl, decenyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, tolyl,heptylphenyl, isopropenylphenyl and naphthyl; 2) Substituted hydrocarbonradicals containing non-hydrocarbon substituents which, do not alter thepredominantly hydrocarbon character of the radical such as halo, nitro,and cyano compounds; and 3) Hetero radicals which are hydrocarbons whichcontain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwisecomposed of carbon atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Otherpreferred substituted sulfolanes are those in which a hydrocarbonradical is selected free from acetylenic unsaturation and which containsabout 4-100 carbon atoms. Examples (all isomers being included) arebutyl, amyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, eicosyl, triacontanyl,butenyl, dodecenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, dodecylphenyl,tetrapropene-alkylated phenyl, phenethyl, cyclohexyl andmethylcyclohexyl. Each of substituted hydrocarbon radicals and heteroradicals are hydrogen or a lower alkylbased (and usually a lower alkyl)radical, the word “lower” denoting radicals containing up to 7 carbonatoms. Examples of lower alkyl radicals (all isomers being included, butespecially the straight chain radicals) are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyland hexyl, with methyl being preferred.

The above-described substituted sulfolanes comprise a class of compoundswhich may be prepared by the reaction of 3-sulfolene or a substitutedderivative thereof with an organic hydroxy compound, ordinarily analcohol. This method for their preparation is described, for example, inU.S. Pat. No. 2,393,925, and in Data Sheet DS-58:3 of Shell DevelopmentCompany entitled “3-Sulfolene”. The 3-sulfolenes may be prepared byreaction of sulfur dioxide with a conjugated diene such as butadiene orisoprene.

Moreover, aliphatic alcohols of 8 to 13 carbon atoms, e.g., tridecylalcohol in combination with an oil-soluble, saturated hydrocarbyl esterof 10 to 60 carbon atoms and 2 to 3 ester linkages, e.g., dihexylphthalate are useful.

Furthermore, C1-C8 alkyl substituted phosphites, C1 to C4 alkylsubstituted phenols or aromatic secondary amine and a dispersantcopolymer containing N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, an organophosphite, such astris(nonylphenyl) phosphite and mixtures of organic phosphite ester andmethylened bisphenol are useful for oxidation inhibitors for lubricatingoils and for elastomers, including nitrile rubbers.

Additive Packages

Additive packages which incorporate a dispersion inhibitor with aconventional detergent and/or a corrosion inhibitor may also be utilizedwith or in substitution of the dispersion inhibitor. For instance as setforth heretofore, such an additive package may comprise Lubrizol'sLZ8955 and/or LZ9802 or combinations thereof with each other and/orother dispersion inhibitors in an effective amount of up to 35 percentby volume, more preferably from about 0.5 to 25 percent by volume andmore preferably from about 1 to 10 percent by volume of the concentrate.

Because the base oils typically contain an effective amount of a pourpoint depressant and/or the motor oil to which the additive is addedtypically contain an effective amount of a pour point depressant, itwould not typically be concentrated 4× or 5× in the additive package.

Viscosity Index Improver (VI)

Viscosity improvers, (“VI”), include, but are not limited to,polyisobutenes, polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters,diene polymers, polyalkyl styrenes, alkenyl aryl conjugated dienecopolymers, polyolefins and multifunctional viscosity improvers andSHELLVIS 90, a linear styrene isoprene rubber in mineral oil base orSHELLVIS 260 a cyclic styrene isoprene compound.

The lubricant additive contain up to 15 percent by volume of a viscosityimprover, more preferably from about 0.005-10 percent by volume, morepreferably 0.05 to 8 and more preferably from 0.1 to 1.0 percent byvolume. Of course, a sufficient amount ofthe viscosity improver may alsobe incorporated in the base oils or motor oil to be treated.

Molybdenum Additive

The most preferred molybdenum additive is an oil-soluble decomposableorgano molybdenum compound, such as MOLYVAN 855 which is an oil solublesecondary diarylamine defined as substantially free of active phosphorusand active sulfur. The MOLYVAN 855 is described in Vanderbilt's MaterialData and Safety Sheet as a organomolybdenum compound having a density of1.04 and viscosity at 100° C. of 47.12 cSt. In general, the organomolybdenum compounds are preferred because of their superior solubilityand effectiveness.

A less effective alternative molybdenum additive is MOLYVAN L issulfonated oxymolybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate described in U.S. Pat.No. 5,055,174 by Howell hereby incorporated by reference.

MOLYVAN A made by R.T. Vanderbilt company, Inc., New York, N.Y., USA, isalso an alternative additive which contains about 28.8 wt. % MO, 31.6wt. % C, 5.4 wt. % H., and 25.9 wt. % S. Also useful are MOLYVAN 855,822, 856, and 807 in decreasing order of preference.

Also useful is SAKURA LUBE-500, which is more soluble Mo dithiocarbamatecontaining lubricant additive obtained from Asahi Denki Corporation andcomprised of about 20.2 wt. % MO, 43.8 wt. % C, 7.4 wt. % H, and 22.4wt. % S.

Also useful is MOLYVAN 807, a mixture of about 50 wt. % molybdenumditridecyldithyocarbonate, and about 50 wt. % of an aromatic oil havinga specific gravity of about 38.4 SUS and containing about 4.6 wt. %molybdenum, also manufactured by R.T. Vanderbilt and marketed as anantioxidant and antiwear additive.

Other sources are molybdenum Mo(Co)₆, and Molybdenum octoate,MoO(C₇H₁₅CO₂)₂ containing about 8 wt-% Mo marketed by Aldrich ChemicalCompany, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and molybdenum naphthenethioctoatemarketed by Shephard Chemical Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Inorganic molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum sulfide and molybdenumoxide are substantially less preferred than the organic compounds asdescribed in 855, 822, 856, and 807.

Whereas 1% is equal to 10,000 parts per million (ppm), the preferreddosage in the molybdenum additive is up to 5.0 percent by mass. Morepreferably the preferred dosage is up to 3,000 ppm by mass, morepreferably from about 100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm by mass, morepreferably from about 300 to about 1,500 ppm by mass, more preferablyfrom 300 to about 1000 ppm by mass of molybdenum.

Anti-Wear Extreme Pressure Agents

The preferred anti-wear extreme pressure agent is a boronantiwear/extreme pressure agent, preferably a borate ester, a boricacid, other boron compounds such as a boron oxide. The boron compound ishydrolytically stable and is utilized for improved antiwear, antiweld,extreme pressure and/or friction properties, and perform as a rust andcorrosion inhibitor for copper bearings and other metal enginecomponents. The borated ester compound acts as an inhibitor forcorrosion of metal to prevent corrosion of either ferrous or non-ferrousmetals (e.g. copper, bronze, brass, titanium, aluminum and the like) orboth, present in concentrations in which they are effective ininhibiting corrosion.

Patents describing techniques for making basic salts of sulfonic,carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,354,485;2,501,731; 2,616,911; 2,777,874; 3,384,585; 3,320,162; 3,488,284; and3,629,109. The disclosure of these patents are hereby incorporated byreference. Methods of preparing borated overbased compositions are foundin U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,744,920; 4,792,410; and PCT publication WO88/03144. The disclosure of these references are hereby incorporated byreference. The oil-soluble neutral or basic salts of alkali or alkalineearth metals salts may also be reacted with a boron compound.

The borate ester utilized in the preferred embodiment is manufactured byEXXON-MOBIL USA under the product designation of (“MCP 1286”) and MOBILADC700. Test data show the viscosity at 100° C. using the D-445 methodis 2.9 cSt; the viscosity at 40° C. using the D-445 method is 11.9; theflash point using the D-93 method is 146; the pour point using the D-97method is -69; and the percent boron as determined by the ICP method is5.3%.

The preferred dosage of boron compound in the total crankcase lubricantis up to 10.0 volume percent, more preferably from about 0.01 to about10.0 volume %, more preferably from about 0.01 to about 5 volume %, andmost preferably from about 0.1-3.0 volume %. An effective elementalboron range of up to 1000 ppm or less than 1% elemental boron. Thus, apreferred concentration of elemental boron is from 100 to 1000 ppm andmore preferably from 100 to 300 ppm and most preferably in one preferredembodiment as set forth in Table 3 about 166 ppm.

As demonstrated in FIG. 6, the engine treatment oil additive formulationwas found to comply with all requirements of engine additivesspecification CRC L-38 for a Crankcase Oxidation Test showing the TotalAdjusted Bearing Weight Loss comparing the blend of Componentscomprising the engine treatment oil additive with an API SG 5w-30 MotorOil. The surprisingly good results show the total adjusted bearingweight loss was reduced from 30.9 mg for the Motor Oil without theengine treatment oil additive to 22.6 mg. for the motor oil used incombination with the engine treatment oil additive.

Other corrosion resisting compounds which may be used together withboron or independently may be selected from the group comprisingdimercapto, thiediapoles, and benzotriazoles, benzotriazole derivatives,benzothiazole, benzothiazole derivatives, triazole, triazolederivatives, benzoimidazole, and benzoiidazole derivitives in levels ofto 1% by weight.

Other Additives

The invention also contemplates the use of an effective amount of otheradditives in the lubricating and functional fluid compositions ofthisinvention. Such additives include, for example, detergents anddispersants of the ash-producing or ashless type, corrosion andoxidation-inhibiting agents, pour point depressing agents, auxiliaryextreme pressure and/or antiwear agents, color stabilizers and anti-foamagents.

CRANKCASE MOTOR OIL EXAMPLES

A better understanding of the present invention will be had uponreference to the following examples set forth in Tables I-VII, (FormulasA-F) setting forth the compositions of complete crankcase motor oilformulas: TABLE I Test SAE 5W-30 SAE 10W-30 SAE 10W-40 SAE 20W-50 Vis @100° C. (cSt) 10.6 10.5 13.5 17.4 Spec Gravity @ 60° F. 0.8655 0.8780.877 0.8842 Density (lbs/gal) 7.206 7.323 7.305 7.364 Flash COC (° C.)221 230 242 245 Pour Point (° C.) max −39 −39 −39 −39 CCS cP (° C.)  2300 @ −25 C.   2340 @ −20 C.   2600 @ −20 C.   2700 @ −10 C. MRV TP-1cP (° C.) 17,812 @ −35 C. 14,361 @ −30 C. 20,850 @ −30 C. 22,340 @ −20C. HTHS, cP 3.05 3.1 3.5 4.5 Noack (%) max wt. Loss 14.0 14.0 14.1 —Zinc/Phosphorus (wt %) 0.119/0.1   0.119/0.1   0.119/0.1   0.119/0.1  Calcium/Magnesium (wt %) 0.09/0.036 0.09/0.036 0.09/0.036 0.09/0.036

Table I provides the technical specifications showing the presentinvention in accordance with Formula A in different weights exceeds theengineer performance requirements of API SJ, SH, SG, SF and previousgasoline categories. TABLE II FORMULA “A” Complete Engine Oil FormulaComponents Vol % Range (vol %) Polyalphaolefin Base Stock 17.38 1-90Ester Base Stock 2.44 1-90 Mineral Oil Base Stock 27.93 1-90 Group III(severely hydrocracked 32.97 1-90 semi-synthetic oil) Base Stock LZ8955Dispersant Inhibitor 3.14 0.5-35   LZ 9802 Dispersant Inhibitor 7.900.5-35   Substituted Sulfolane Seal Sweller 0.25 0.05-10   Oil-solubleMolybdenum Additive 0.46 0.05-10   Styrene isoprene Viscosity IndexImprover 6.92 0.5-15   Boric acid Compound Corrosion Inhibitor 0.280.05-5    Poly-methacyrlate Pour Point Depressant 0.33 0.05-5    100.00

TABLE III FORMULA “B” Complete Engine Oil Formula Components Vol % Range(vol %) Polyalphaolefin Base Stock and/or Ester Base 80.72   5-90 Stockand/or Mineral Oil Base Stock and/or Group III (Severely HydrocrackedSemi-synthetic Oil) Base Stock LZ8955 Dispersant Inhibitor 3.14 0.5-35LZ 9802 Dispersant Inhibitor 7.90 0.5-35 Sulfolane Compound 0.250.05-10  Oil-soluble Molybdenum Additive 0.46 0.05-10  Styrene isopreneViscosity Index Improver 6.92 0.5-15 Boric acid Compound CorrosionInhibitor 0.28 0.05-5  Poly-methacyrlate Pour Point Depressant 0.330.05-5  100.00

TABLE IV FORMULA “C” Complete Engine Oil Formula Components Vol % Range(vol %) Group I (solvent refined mineral oils) and/or 80.72   5-90 GroupII (hydrocracked mineral oils) and/or Group III (severely hydrocrackedoil) and/or Group IV Synthetics including (polyolefins) and/or Group VSynthetics (esters, and napthenes) LZ8955 Dispersant Inhibitor 3.140.5-35 LZ 9802 Dispersant Inhibitor 7.90 0.5-35 Substituted SulfolaneSeal Sweller 0.25 0.05-10  Oil-soluble Molybdenum Additive 0.46 0.05-10 Styrene isoprene Viscosity Index Improver 6.92 0.5-15 Boric acidCompound Corrosion Inhibitor 0.28 0.05-5  Poly-methacyrlate Pour PointDepressant 0.33 0.05-5  100.00

TABLE V FORMULA “D” Complete Engine Oil Formula Components Vol % Range(vol %) Group I (solvent refined mineral oils) and/or 80.72   5-90 GroupII (hydrocracked mineral oils) and/or Group III (severely hydrocrackedoil) and/or Group IV Synthetics including (polyolefins) and/or Group VSynthetics (esters, and napthenes) Dispersant Inhibitor 11.04 0.5-35Substituted Sulfolane 0.25 0.05-10  Oil-soluble Molybdenum Additive 0.460.05-10  Viscosity Index Improver 6.92 0.5-15 Corrosion Inhibitor 0.280.05-5  Pour Point Depressant 0.33 0.05-5  100.00

TABLE VI FORMULA “E” Complete Engine Oil Formula Components Vol % Range(vol %) Group I (solvent refined mineral oils) and/or Group II 80.72  5-90 (hydrocracked mineral oils) and/or Group III (severelyhydrocracked oil) and/or Group IV Synthetics including (polyolefins) andor Group V Synthetics (esters, and napthenes) Base Oil A DispersantInhibitor 11.04 0.5-35 Substituted Sulfolane and/or phthalateplasticizer and/or dinonly 0.25 0.05-10  phthalate plasticizer and/ordihexylpthalate plasticizer, and/or, sulfolane and/or a SubstitutedSulfolane Seal Sweller An oil-soluble Organo Molybdenum and/orsulfonated 0.46 0.05-10  oxymolybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate, and/ormolybdenum dithiocarbamate and/or molybdenum octoage and/or molybdenumsulfide and/or molybdenum oxide A polyisobutenes and/or polymethacrylateAcid Esters and/or 6.92 0.1-15 Diene Polymers and/or Polyolefins andmultifunctional viscosity improvers and/or styrene-butadiene rubber inmineral oil and/or A styrene iosprene Viscosity Index Improver BorateEster and/or a Dimercapto and/or a Thiediapoles and/or a 0.28 0.01-5 Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor A polymethacyrlate, alkylated bicyclicaromatics, styrene esters, 0.33 0.05-5  polyfumerates, oligomerized alkyphenols, dialkyl esters of phthalate acid, ethylene vinyl acetatecopolymers, and other mixed hydrocarbon polymers Pour Point Depressant100.00

TABLE VII FORMULA “F” (Formula A Details) Complete Engine Oil FormulaComponents Vol % Range (vol %) Polyolefins (PA04) 17.38 5-90 SyntheticEsters (M-045) 2.44 5-90 Mineral Oil Base (Ashland 100) 9.13 5-90Mineral Oil Base (Ashland 325) 18.80 5-90 Yubase-4 (Severe HydrocrackedGroup III) 32.97 5-90 Dispersant Inhibitor (LZ8955) 3.14 0.5-35  Dispersant Inhibitor (LZ9802) 7.90 0.5-35   Substituted Sulfolane (LZ730) 0.25 0.05-10   Oil-soluble Molybdenum Additive 0.46 0.05-10   (MOLY855) Viscosity Index Improver (SHELL VIS 260) 6.92 0.5-15   CorrosionInhibitor Boric Ester 0.28 0.05-5    MOBILADC700 Pour Point Depressant(ACRYLOID 3008) 0.33 0.05-5    100.00

CONCENTRATED ADDITIVES EXAMPLES

A better understanding of the present invention will be had uponreference to the following examples set forth in Tables VIII-XIII(Formulas G-L) setting forth the compositions of concentrated additivesfor use with conventional synthetic, mineral oil, or blended motor oilsat up to 30% by volume crankcase motor oil. TABLE VIII FORMULA “G”Concentrated Additive Formula Components Vol % Range (vol %)Polyalphaolefin Base Stock 17.38 1-90 Ester Base Stock 2.44 1-90 MineralOil Base Stock 24.96 1-90 Group III (severely hydrocracked 32.97 1-90semi-synthetic oil) Base Stock LZ8955 Dispersant Inhibitor 3.14 0.5-35  LZ 9802 Dispersant Inhibitor 7.90 0.5-35   Substituted Sulfolane SealSweller 1.00 0.05-10   Oil-soluble Molybdenum Additive 1.84 0.05-10  Styrene isoprene Viscosity Index Improver 6.92 0.5-15   Boric acidCompound Corrosion Inhibitor 1.12 0.05-5    Poly-methacyrlate Pour PointDepressant 0.33 0.05-5    100.00

TABLE IX FORMULA “H” Concentrated Additive Formula Components Vol %Range (vol %) Polyalphaolefin Base Stock and/or 77.75   5-90 Ester BaseStock and/or Mineral Oil Base Stock and/or Group III (SeverelyHydrocracked Semi-synthetic Oil) Base Stock LZ8955 Dispersant Inhibitor3.14 0.5-35 LZ 9802 Dispersant Inhibitor 7.90 0.5-35 Pheanate SealSweller 1.00 0.05-10  Oil-soluble Molybdenum Additive 1.84 0.05-10 Styrene isoprene Viscosity Index Improver 6.92 0.5-15 Boric acidCompound Corrosion Inhibitor 1.12 0.05-5  Poly-methacyrlate Pour PointDepressant 0.33 0.05-5  100.00

TABLE X FORMULA “I” Concentrated Additive Formula Components Vol % Range(vol %) Group I (solvent refined mineral oils) and/or 77.75   5-90 GroupII (hydrocracked mineral oils) and/or Group III (severely hydrocrackedoil) and/or Group IV Synthetics including (polyolefins) and/or Group VSynthetics (esters, and napthenes) LZ8955 Dispersant Inhibitor 3.140.5-35 LZ 9802 Dispersant Inhibitor 7.90 0.5-35 Substituted SulfolaneSeal Sweller 1.00 0.05-10  Oil-soluble Molybdenum Additive 1.84 0.05-10 Styrene isoprene Viscosity Index Improver 6.92 0.5-15 Boric acidCompound Corrosion Inhibitor 1.12 0.05-5  Poly-methacyrlate Pour PointDepressant 0.33 0.05-5  100.00

TABLE XI FORMULA “J” Concentrated Additive Formula Range Components Vol% (vol %) Group I (solvent refined mineral oils) and/ 77.75 5-90 orGroup II (hydrocracked mineral oils) and/or Group III (severelyhydrocracked oil) and/or Group IV Synthetics including (polyolefins)and/or Group V Synthetics (esters, and napthenes) Dispersant Inhibitor11.04 0.5-35 Substituted Sulfolane 1.00 0.05-10  Oil-soluble MolybdenumAdditive 1.84 0.05-10  Viscosity Index Improver 6.92 0.5-15 CorrosionInhibitor 1.12 0.05-5  Pour Point Depressant 0.33 0.05-5  100.00

TABLE XII FORMULA “K” Concentrated Additive Formula Components Vol %Range (vol %) Group I (solvent refined mineral oils) and/or Group II77.75   5-90 (hydrocracked mineral oils) and/or Group III (severelyhydrocracked oil) and/or Group IV Synthetics including (polyolefins)and/or Group V Synthetics (esters, and napthenes) Base Oil At least oneDispersant Inhibitor 11.04 0.5-35 Substituted Sulfolane and/or phthalateplasticizer and/or dinonly 1.00 0.05-10  phthalate plasticizer and/ordihexylpthalate plasticizer, and/or, sulfolane and/or a SubstitutedSulfolane Seal Sweller An oil-soluble Organo Molybdenum and/orsulfonated 1.84 0.05-10  oxymolybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate, and/ormolybdenum dithiocarbamate and/or molybdenum octoage and/or molybdenumsulfide and/or molybdenum oxide A polyisobutenes and/or polymethacrylateAcid Esters and/or 6.92 0.1-15 Diene Polymers and/or Polyolefins andmultifunctional viscosity improvers and/or styrene-butadiene rubber inmineral oil and/or A styrene iosprene Viscosity Index Improver BorateEster and/or a Dimercapto and/or a Thiediapoles and/or a 1.12 0.01-5 Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor A polymethacyrlate, alkylated bicyclicaromatics, styrene esters, 0.33 0.05-5  polyfumerates, oligomerized alkyphenols, dialkyl esters of phthalate acid, ethylene vinyl acetatecopolymers, and other mixed hydrocarbon polymers Pour Point Depressant100.00

TABLE XIII FORMULA L (Formula A Concentrate” Complete Engine Oil FormulaRange Components Vol % (vol %) Polyolefins (PA04) 17.38 5-90 SyntheticEsters (M-045) 2.44 5-90 Mineral Oil Base (Ashland 100) 8.13 5-90Mineral Oil Base (Ashland 325) 16.83 5-90 Yubase-4 (Severe HydrocrackedGroup III) 32.97 5-90 Dispersant Inhibitor (LZ8955) 3.14 0.5-35  Dispersant Inhibitor (LZ9802) 7.90 0.5-35   Substituted Sulfolane (LZ730) 1.00 0.05-10   Oil-soluble Molybdenum Additive (MOLY 855) 1.840.05-10   Viscosity Index Improver (SHELL VIS 260) 6.92 0.5-15  Corrosion Inhibitor Boric Ester MOBILADC700 1.12 0.05-5    Pour PointDepressant (ACRYLOID 3008) 0.33 0.05-5    100.00

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

As best illustrated in the drawings, FIG. 1 shows the present inventionas set forth in Formula A exhibits superior oil consumption performancewhen tested in a new 2000 Buck 3.8 L engine under extreme highwaydriving conditions. Improved performance was also exhibited after theengine was aged with conventional oil, then switched to the Formula Acomposition. The results were verified by running actual cars on adynamometer.

FIG. 2 shows improved deposit control properties as compared to aconventional oil when tested in a new 2000 Buick 3.8 L engine underextreme highway driving conditions. Improved performance was alsoexhibited after the engine was aged with conventional oil, then switchedto the Formula A composition.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the seal conditioning properties of thecomposition of Formula A. The seal performance tends to deteriorate withuse and aging. They tend to harden or soften affecting theirperformance. In the test results shown in FIG. 3, the seals were treatedwith conventional oil at elevated temperatures over a period of timecausing them to harden/soften. Formula A, as shown above, has a greaterability to bring the seals to their original state (desired hardness) ascompared to conventional oils.

As shown in the graph depicted in FIG. 4, oil thickening occurs due tooil tending to oxidize and thicken with age. The oil should resistingthermal breakdown and exhibit good viscosity control. As shown in thegraph, the Formula A composition developed with unique additives slowdown the oxidation process reducing oil thickening.

FIG. 5 shows a graph whereby Formula A is formulated with premium basestocks having superior low temperature properties as compared toconventional oils enabling the engine to start at lower temperatures,within the specified limits of it's viscosity grade. Of course, for thelowest starting temperature use Formula in the 5W-30 weight.

FIG. 6 is a bar chart of ASTM D4172 four-ball wear results versus lubecompositions.

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION

The foregoing Examples provide the results of tests performed comparingthe synergistic combination of formula components of the presentinvention with conventional motor oil having a synthetic, mineral oil,or blend base. The Examples exemplify the technology previouslydescribed. The synergistic combination of the formula components in theExamples provide excellent performance at high temperatures while alsomaintaining excellent performance at moderately elevated temperaturesand normal temperatures, as well as provide resistance to ferrous andcopper corrosion, improved wear, oxidation resistance, viscositystability, engine cleanliness, fuel economy, cold starting, inhibitionof acid formation, and other desirable high performance propertiesgreater than exhibited by the individual components. The improvedperformance of the engine additive in comparison with conventionalmineral oil crankcase lubricants is attributable to optimizing thedesign parameters for each of the individual chemical constituents andcombining the chemical constituents according to the present invention.

Modifications

Specific compositions, methods, or embodiments discussed are intended tobe only illustrative of the invention disclosed by this specification.Variation on these compositions, methods, or embodiments are readilyapparent to a person of skill in the art based upon the teachings ofthis specification and are therefore intended to be included as part ofthe inventions disclosed herein.

Reference to documents made in the specification is intended to resultin such patents or literature cited are expressly incorporated herein byreference, including any patents or other literature references citedwithin such documents as if fully set forth in this specification.

The foregoing detailed description is given primarily for clearness ofunderstanding and no unnecessary limitations are to be understoodtherefrom, for modification will become obvious to those skilled in theart upon reading this disclosure and may be made upon departing from thespirit of the invention and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly,this invention is not intended to be limited by the specificexemplifications presented hereinabove. Rather, what is intended to becovered is within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

1. An engine crankcase lubricant, comprising: a base oil selected fromthe group consisting of Group I solvent refined mineral oils, Group IIhydrocracked mineral oils, Group III severely hydrocracked oils orcombinations thereof in an amount of up to 90 volume percent; asynthetic base oil selected from Group IV synthetic polyolefins, Group Vsynthetic oils comprising esters and napthenes, or combinations thereofin an amount of up to 95 volume percent; a dispersant inhibitor in anamount of from 0.5 to 35.0 volume percent; a seal swelling agentselected from the group consisting of substituted sulfolane, phthalateplasticizer, dinonly phthalate plasticizer, dihexylpthalate plasticizer,sulfolanes, phenates, and combinations thereof in an amount of from 0.03to 1.0 volume percent; a molybdate compound selected from the groupconsisting of an oil soluble organo molybdenum, a sulfonatedoxymolybdenum dialkydithiophosphate, a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, amolybdenum octoate, a molybdenum sulfide, and a molybdenum oxide in anamount of from between 0.05 to 10.0 volume percent; a viscosity improverselected from the group consisting of a polyisobutene, apolymethacrylate acid esters, a diene polymer, a polyolefin, amultifunctional viscosity diene polymer, a polyolefin andmultifunctional viscosity improver, a styrene-butadiene rubber inmineral oil, a styrene isoprene viscosity improver, and combinationsthereof in an amount of from 0.005 to 10.0 volume percent; a corrosioninhibitor selected from the group consisting of a borate ester, adimercapto, a thiadiazole, a benzotriazole, a triazole and combinationsthereof in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0 volume percent; and a pourpoint depressant selected from the group consisting of apolymethacrylate, an alkylated bicyclic aromatic, a styrene ester, apolyfumerate, an oligomerized alkyl phenol, a dialky ester of phthalateacid, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and other mixed hydrocarbonpolymers in an amount of 0.01 to 5.0 volume percent.